ADVERSE EFFECT ON PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

In construction there are many type of construction material used in order to complete the project.
There are:

• cement                               aggrigate                                        
• sand                                   clay
• asbestos                             lime
• steel                                   bituminous
• aluminium                         glass/silica
• pvc                                    water proofing material
• paint                                 zinc
• timber                              

All of the material above will be pollute  in :

• air pollution
• gas emission
• chemical substance to the air
• water pollution
• chemical discharge to river
• wastage discharge to landfill

Cemenr Production

• water pollution minimise
• noise pollution 
• air pollution-dust.NO x,SO x,CO,CO2,TOC,HF,HCF and NH3

Quarry Production

• disturbance of land and vegetation
• disturbance of river beds and costal marine
• dust
• noise
• vibration
• traffic
• visual aspect
• the discharge of contaminations into air,water,land and costal area

Sand Extraction

• Biodiversify-Impacts on related ecosystem (fisheries)
• Land loses-Inland and coastal through erosion
• Hydrological -Change in water flow,flow regulation and marine current
• Water supply-Lowering of water table and pollution
• Infrastructure-Damage to bridge,river embankments and coastal infrastructure
• Landscape-Coastal erosion ,changed in deeltaic structure,quarries and pollution of river

Asbestos Production

• crysotile asbestos/white asbestos
• benign condition of pleura
• Lung cancer
• Asbestosis
• Mesothelioma
• gastro-intestinal cancer
• laryngeal cancer
• autoimmunity
• genotoxis
• irrative

Steel Production

• gases emission-CO2,NOx,SOx,
• fumes-iron oxide,cadmium,lead,chromium,nickel,zinc,copper and hydrocarbon
• cancer and respiratory problem

Aluminium Production

• bauxite-source of aluminium
• exploration of bauxite pollute water supply,soil erosion,flooding and etc
• production emission-flouride,PFC,PAH,SO x,Dust,Metal,NOx,CO,COS,CO2 and others
• coz Alzheimer and cancer

PVC Production

Paint Production

• VOC compound such as glycols,toulene,hydrocarbon,xyele,ammonia,carcinogen and mutagen
• pigment such as cadmium and titanium oxide
• Formaldelayde
• Acetaldelayde
• Mercury
• PGE

Timber Logging

• forest degradation
• animal richness decline
• habitat loss
• increase waterruoff,erosion and flood
• reduce carbon by 15%
• increase sendiment and turbidity
• lowering water quality

Claybrick Production

• air/water pollution
• SOx
• NOX
• CO
• CO 2
• lead
• dust
• hydocarbon
• SS
• Ash

Limestone powder

• calcium phosphide dangerous to aquatic used

Bituminous Production and Water proofing

• respiratory
• cutaneous
• ingestion
• carcinogenic(probably)

Glass/Silica Production

• production-emission Sox,NOx,Sand and Mineral wastage,VOC

Zincalume Production

• prodution-emission of SOx,NOx,CO 2

From the above information,the pollution happened in three stage:

• mining
• production
• wastage

TO CONTROL

• set a policies and guideline
• to strengthen the enforcement
• to give information regarding green house emission,ozone layer and so on