- subgrade
- subbase
- base
- binding coarse
- wearing coarse
- road line
- road furniture
- road sign
all the design and specification are follow Arahan Teknik JKR,Malaysia
Gain an experience to supervise a construction of road for:
1.Agriculture Road
2.Highway Utara-Selatan PLUS
3.Road settlement
4.To avoid accident
5.Hump managemento
6.Extension works for highway
7.Road dewatering
1.Agriculture road-just grading a laterite road using a motor grader to get specific gradient
2.Extension PLUS from dual-carriage way to 3 lane each site
- First time using a South Bound and North Bound word.South bound refer to Seremban and North bound are refer to Kuala Lumpur
- Dipping works-to take a measurement work by measuring tape to get a level of sugrade,subbase and etc
- Milling works-to scrape an old wearing course or bituminious coat for connection between old and new pavement
- Unsuitable soil-one of the items important to detemine at site
- Subbase material-usually import sand
- Tack coat-usually still not dry and bind 100%,laying of bituminous begin
- Temperature-usually check especially when laying on rainy day
- Compaction of backfilling area-300 mm each layer and 95 % MC test will carried out
- ROW-Right of way means boundary of each site of road
3.Why road structural settle?
- Weak subgrade
- Water penetration to subgrade coz poor drainage or water protect
- Not compact well especially at filling area
- Gradient not suitable or water ponding and seepage to subgrade occured
- Poor or low density of soil at subgrade level
- Wrong soil improvement method
- Rapid traffic flow density
- Design life span -20 years
- Before 20 years,traffic density increased
- Surrounding area developement rapid increased
- Poor drainage
- Surface water drainage system
- For high water level area,a subsoil pipe or vertical drain must provide
- Gradient of road surface especially at flat longitudinal level
- Road level must higher than flood level at that area
- Water proof membrane to protect moist from entering to road area
- Poor mantainance
- Peridocally checking and maintain
- Peridocally for traffic density analysis
- Poor condition of road shoulder
4.To avoid road accident(most dangerous route)
- More danger road signage
- More road stud with blink light
- More camera for survillance
- If sharp corners,make it street
- Put road kerb at the median
5.Hump management
- Normally hump locate at resident garden road ,infront of hospital,school to reduce the speed of vehicle
- The normal shape are looklike trapezoid shape and the dimension and drawing are available.
- The speed at the hump is 20 km/hr
- The location of hump not too close and minumum distance is 15 m
- Built from concrete and cover with rubber pad at the top
- The color of yellow and black strip are paint on the concrete
- The road marking of hump located 5m before hump location
- Today many of hump in the resident area are not well design and can coz accident.
2.Road Maintainance
Today in online new from news portal about the maintenance of aspaltic surface problem at Highway Pasir Gudang was highlighted .The High Way just opened several years ago have many potholes and distress occured along the Highway.So many times all the potholes were repaired but still happen at the same point or at another places.So state goverment ask the JKR to supervise all the repairing work or to find out a new technology to overcome this problem.
Every year a million of budget allocated for this purpose but every year the cost increased.What is the distressing of the road surface.The common type of distressing of pavement are:
- cracking
- fatigue cracking
- block cracking
- reflection cracking
- slippage cracking
- longitudinal cracking
- transverse cracking
- distortion
- rutting
- shaving
- depression
- upheaval
- patch failures
- disintegration
- ravelling
- potholes
- skidding hazard
- polished aggrigate
- bleeding
- surface treatment distress
- loss of cover aggrigate
- streaking
From the 5 of the surface road failure,the main reason are:
- lack of compaction or construction technic
- quality of aggrigate or sand
- quality of aspalt or bitumen
- quantity of aspaltic or bitumen
- subgrade failure
- poor drainage
- less thickness
- to determine the type of distressing
- find the best method
- control all the material quality
- the right compaction method
- leave the area for untraffic at least 1 day
- use a bitumen not tar as a binder
- good supervision
Further study and research into this matter can be done by the Prof,master and doctored student who studying in UTM which located at Johor Bahru.
This information can help reduce the maintenance cost paid by the taxpayer.
3.Cost of road construction
HAPPY DEEPAVALI FOR INDIAN FOLLOWER
Road construction cost for Malaysia especially in Sarawak go in 3 categories:
- Flat terrain between-RM 4 M to 6.0M
- moutain and velly area- RM 6.0 M to 10 M
- for black soil like organic soil come to RM 12.5 M per kilometre for single carriage at rural road.
Where the above figure come?
Actually road structure are consists:
- Subgrade
- Base
- Sub Base
- Binder Course
- Wearing Course
- Road furniture
- lane marking
- sign board
- guard rails
- road stud
- Drainage
- Median drain
- Road shoulder drain
FLAT TERRAIN
- preparing of subgrade is easy and the soil in good condition.stripping top soil and compact to required value and done a 95% ODD and can proceed lay a subbase and base.a thickness a depending on traffic density and CBR test for subgrade.laying of subbase also easy for flat terrain.laying a binder course,tack coat ,wearing course are same for 3 type of site constrains.a different only the thickness of the finishing coat.
MOUNTAIN AND VALLEY TERRAIN
- to prepare a subgrade are not too easy.cut the mountain and fill to the valley.cutting process are simple compare to filling works.the fill are must be cleared and surveyed.the machinery like exavator,compactor and etc are difficult to bring down to the valley.the fill process are follow layer by layer.every 300 mm layer must be compacted and test and until reach the required level.this preparation of subgrade work as one of the factors that effect of cost construction.the laying of subbase,finishing coat are mostly same with others.
PEAT SOIL
- the difficult soil condition.the peat soil is popular along the beach and southern pennisular malaysia like johor.the characterictic of peat almost zero for structural usage.the peat soil have to mix with chemical item or cement to make it strong and a vertical drain are produced along the area to lowdown the water level.this kind of work cost a lot of money compare to the 2 above.laying of subbase and finishing coat are same for almost soil condition.
ROAD FURNITURE
- the mountain and valley are used a lot of road furniture type.from special lane marking,many signboard and guardrail compare to the other areas.
DRAINAGE
- for a mountain and valley,to convey a surface water need a drainage system.from berm drain to cascade drain goes to shoulder drain plus water from median drain goes to box culvert and final discharge to nearest river compare to flat terrain only a simple drainage system to convey the surface water
There so many factors effecting the cost of road construction such as land issue,boundary issue and these factor are not taking into consideration when doing a comparison cost between the three condition of soil.may be for urban road the different of cost are minimal.
Others engineering topics
Assalamualaikum
ReplyDeleteYour company ada tak gunakan Asset management system dalam highway construction business?